Motion-Notes 3/30

• Matter is always moving.
• Motion involves a change in position.
• Distance is the length of the route an object travels when it changes position.
• Displacement is the distances and direction an object moves
• Speed is the distance traveled divided by the time it takes to travel that distance.
• Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time
• Instantaneous speed is the speed an object is traveling at one moment.
• Constant speed is when an object is traveling at the same speed for over a period of time.
• Velocity is the speed of an object and its direction

pg. 522-527 questions

1)the speed of the object and the direction the object is going in

3)13m north and 5m east i subtracted the south from the north ad the west from the east

4) .3 m/s

5) 2hr 10 mins

speed-distance traveled divided into the time taken to travel that distance

average speed- dividing the total distance traveled by the time taken

instantaneous speed-the speed of the object at one instant of time

velocity-the object's speed and the direction of motion

pg. 266-267 #1-25

1) carbon film

2) principle of superposition

3) uniformitarianism

4) unconformity

5) half-life

6) fossil

7) radiometric dating

8) permineralized remains

9) cast

10) a-fossil

11) c-made of hard parts

12) b-mold

13) d-uniformitarianism

14) d-relative age

15) c-disconformity

16) d-,43,2,5,1

17) d-radioactive decay

18) Everyday new fossils are being discovered and not all of them are found yet therefore earth's fossil record of life is incomplete.

19) To learn about the ages of sedimentary rock you could use radiometric dating which would create half-lifes.

20)

21)

22)

23)

24)

25)

absolute age-

carbon film-

cast-

fossil-

half-life-

index fossil-

mold-

permineralized remains-

principle of superposition-

radioactive decay-

radiometric dating-

relative age-

unconformity-

uniformitarianism-

radiometric dating notes 3/22/10

radiometric dating- use of half-lives to determine the age of something

Potassium to argon-used to date rocks

carbon 14- used to date fossil, wood, bones and stuff that used to be alive

uniformitarianism-earth processes occurring today are similar to processes from the past

3/17/10 Chapter 9 section 3 NOTES!

VOCABULARY!

Absolute age- the age, in years, of a rock or other objects

radioactive decay- the process of breaking down

half-life-the time it takes for half of the atoms to decay

radiometric dating- the radiometric isotopes in an organism breaks down from this you can tell how old something is. EXAMPLE: potassium-40 to argon-40 after about a billion years.

Uniformitarianism-this explains that earthly processes that happened a long time ago are similar to those that are happening today.

QUESTIONS 1-5

1) The layers below it are older and the layers above it are younger.

2) 17190 years

3) This principle states that earthly processes that happened a long time ago are similar to those that are happening today.

4) The radiometric isotopes in an organism's decay after billions of years to an isotope without radioativeness left in it.

5) It was never living!

Notes 3/11/10

Absolute age-

a) age in years of a rock or other object determined by properties of atoms

b) unstable isotopes break down into other isotopes and particles in the process of radioactive decay

1) Beta Decay- an isotope's neutron breaks down into a proton and an electron with the electron leaving the atom as a beta particle a new element forms due to proton gain.

2) Alpha Decay- an isotope gives off 2 protons and 2 neutrons as an alpha particle; a new element forms.

3) the time it takes for half the atoms in an isotope to decay to the isotopes half life

pg. 250-255 ?'s 1-5

1) Discuss how to find the oldest paper in a stack of papers? They are undisturbed and on the bottom.

2) Explain the concept of relative age? It is the age of something in comparison to the ages of other things.

3) Illustrate a disconformity? A layer of horizontal rock once exposed and eroded

4) Describe one way to correlate similar rock layers? One way to correlate similar rock layers is to match up layers of rock over great distances.

5) Explain the relationship between the concept of relative age and the principle of superposition. Relative age is the age of something in comparison to the ages of other things. The Principle of superposition is that the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become younger toward the top.

Notes. 3/8/10

RELATIVE AGES OF ROCKS!

Principle of Superposition- process of reading undisturbed rock layers

-oldest rocks are in the bottom layer.

-younger rocks are in the top layer.

Relative Age- how old something is, in comparison with something else

-the age of undisturbed rocks can be determined by examining layer sequences

-the age of disturbed rocks may have to be determined by fossils or other clues.

Unconformaties- gaps in rock layers

-Angular Conformity- rock layers are tilted and younger sediment layers are deposited horizontally on top the eroded and tilted layer

-Disconformities- a layer of horizontal rock once exposed and eroded

-Non Conformity- layers of sediment form over igneous or metamorphic rock

Notes. 3/4/10

1) Fossils form if the organism is quickly buried.

2)Hard parts of organisms are more likely to be Fossilized than soft parts.

Types of Preservation-

1) Per-mineralized Fossils- Fossils in which spaces are filled with minerals by moving ground water

2)Carbon Film- When an organism is broken down carbon film a silhouette is left behind.

3)Molds-cavity in rock made when an organism is buried.

4)Cast- sediments move into a mold and create a cast.

5)Occasionally, organisms are preserved in ice, tar, or amber.

6)Trace Fossils- Evidence of organism activity.

7)Index Fossils- abudeant geographically widespread organisms that existed for a short period of time

Types of Preservation-

1) Per-mineralized fossils- Fossils in which spaces are filled with minerals by moving ground water-

2) Garbon Film- When an organism i s broken down carbon film a silhouette is left behind.

3) Molds0 Cavity in rock

Notes 3/3/10

Paleontologist- A scientist who studies bones and fossils to reconstruct what animals looked like in the past.

Fossils- remains, imprints, or traces of prehistoric organisms.

pg. 249 ?'s 1-5

1) Describe they typical conditions necessary for fossil formation. one way is for a dead organism to become a fossil is they have hard parts such as bones, shells, or teeth.

2) Explain how a fossil mold is different from a fossil cast. mold- the cavity in the rock. cast- a mineral rich water of other sediments might enter the cavity, form a new rock, and produce a copy

3) How are the characteristics of an index fossil are useful to geologists. it is a way to approximate the ages of rock layer.

4) Describe how carbon films form. Fossils usually form when sediments bury a dead organism. As sediment piles up, the organism's remains are subjected to pressure and heat. These conditions force gases and liquids from the body. A thin film of carbon residue is left, forming a silhouette of the original organism.

5) What can you say about the ages of two widely separated layers of rock that contain the same type of fossil? I think that maybe history repeated its self and there was another ice age or some other period of time where the same kind of animal or organism died and the remains were left in the ground.